All teachers are responsible for assessing the children they teach, and the outcomes of any assessment are important for individual learners, schools and wider education systems. Designed as a pragmatic guide for new teachers and those training to teach, this book is your one-stop-shop for understanding assessment in schools. It covers formative and summative approaches used across primary and secondary education, supporting a balanced overview with policy examples drawn from the UK, Ireland and wider international contexts. This updated second edition reflects recent trends in assessment and includes: more balanced coverage across primary and secondary age phases with a broader range of examples across curriculum subject areas a new chapter on the potential of digital assessment for both formative and summative purposes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on assessment in general, and examinations in particular Damian Murchan is Associate Professor in the School of Education at Trinity College Dublin. Gerry Shiel is a Research Fellow at the Educational Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.